Chris Bay

2025

Distributed Reinforcement Learning and Consensus Control of Energy Systems

King, J. (Inventor), Fleming, P. (Inventor), Dall'Anese, E. (Inventor), Bay, C. (Inventor) & Graf, P. (Inventor), 2025, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Patent No. 12,331,721 B2, 17 Jun 2025

Research output: Patent

Efficient Wind Farm Layout Optimization with the FLOWERS AEP Model and Analytic Gradients: Article No. 013302

LoCascio, M., Bay, C., Martinez-Tossas, L., Thomas, J. & Gorle, C., 2025, In: Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 17, 1, 20 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Gaussian FLOWERS: Wind-Rose-Based Analytical Integration of Gaussian Wake Model for Extremely Fast AEP Estimation: Article No. 013306

Whittaker, C., LoCascio, M., Martinez-Tossas, L., Bay, C. & Bastankhah, M., 2025, In: Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 17, 1, 15 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: Article No. 010401

Hamilton, N., Bay, C. & Zhang, J., 2025, In: Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 17, 1, 3 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Load Assessment of a Wind Farm Considering Negative and Positive Yaw Misalignment for Wake Steering

Thedin, R., Barter, G., Jonkman, J., Mudafort, R., Bay, C., Shaler, K. & Kreeft, J., 2025, In: Wind Energy Science. 10, 6, p. 1033-1053 21 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2024

FLOWERS AEP: An Analytical Model for Wind Farm Layout Optimization: Article No. e2954

LoCascio, M., Bay, C., Martinez-Tossas, L., Bastankhah, M. & Gorle, C., 2024, In: Wind Energy. 27, 12, p. 1563-1580 18 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus Citations

IEA Wind TCP Task 55: The IEA Wind 740-10-MW Reference Offshore Wind Plants

Kainz, S., Quick, J., Souza de Alencar, M., Sanchez Perez Moreno, S., Dykes, K., Bay, C., Zaaijer, M. & Bortolotti, P., 2024, 18 p.

Research output: NREL › Technical Report

Optimal Wind Turbine Design for H2 Production

Bay, C., Starke, G., Thomas, J., Riccobono, N., Irmas, C., Tully, Z., Grant, E., Nagasawa, K., Leighton, D. & King, J., 2024, 25 p.

Research output: NREL › Presentation

Wind Turbine Design Optimization for Hydrogen Production

Thomas, J., Irmas, C., Starke, G., Tully, Z., Grant, E., Riccobono, N., Nagasawa, K. & Bay, C., 2024. 8 p.

Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper

1 Scopus Citations

Wind Turbine Design Optimization for Hydrogen Production

Thomas, J., Irmas, C., Starke, G., Grant, E., Riccobono, N., Tully, Z., Bortolotti, P., Barter, G. & Bay, C., 2024, 50 p.

Research output: NREL › Presentation

Wind Turbine Design Optimization for Hydrogen Production: Preprint

Thomas, J., Irmas, C., Starke, G., Tully, Z., Grant, E., Riccobono, N., Nagasawa, K. & Bay, C., 2024.

Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper

2023

A Comparison of Eight Optimization Methods Applied to a Wind Farm Layout Optimization Problem

Thomas, J., Baker, N., Malisani, P., Quaeghebeur, E., Sanchez Perez-Moreno, S., Jasa, J., Bay, C., Tilli, F., Bieniek, D., Robinson, N., Stanley, A., Holt, W. & Ning, A., 2023, In: Wind Energy Science. 8, 5, p. 865-891 27 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

17 Scopus Citations

23 Scopus Citations

Addressing Deep Array Effects and Impacts to Wake Steering with the Cumulative-Curl Wake Model

Bay, C., Fleming, P., Doekemeijer, B., King, J., Churchfield, M. & Mudafort, R., 2023, In: Wind Energy Science. 8, 3, p. 401-419 19 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

23 Scopus Citations

An Integrated Platform for Wind Power Plant Operations: From Atmosphere to Electrons to the Grid (A2e2g)

Sinner, M., Corbus, D., Spyrou, E., King, J., Vijayshankar, S., Kumler, A., Bay, C. & Gevorgian, V., 2023, 68 p.

Research output: NREL › Technical Report

Coordinated Wind Power Plant and Battery Control for Active Power Services: Article No. 053304

Sinner, M., Spyrou, E., Bay, C., King, J. & Corbus, D., 2023, In: Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 15, 5, 12 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus Citations

Distributed Reinforcement Learning and Consensus Control of Energy Systems

King, J. (Inventor), Fleming, P. (Inventor), Dall-Anese, E. (Inventor), Bay, C. (Inventor) & Graf, P. (Inventor), 2023, Patent No. 11,725,625 B2, 15 Aug 2023

Research output: Patent

Enabling Control Co-Design of the Next Generation of Wind Plants

Stanley, A., Bay, C. & Fleming, P., 2023, In: Wind Energy Science Discussions. 12 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Enabling Control Co-Design of the Next Generation of Wind Power Plants

Stanley, A., Bay, C. & Fleming, P., 2023, In: Wind Energy Science. 8, 8, p. 1341-1350 10 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Scopus Citations

Final Report - D5: Wind Farm Control and Layout Optimization for U.S. Offshore Wind Farms

Fleming, P., Dunn, D., Duffy, P., Bay, C., Churchfield, M., Barthelmie, R. & Pryor, S., 2023, 28 p.

Research output: NREL › Technical Report

Grand Challenges Revisited: Wind Energy Research Needs for a Global Energy Transition

Veers, P., Dykes, K., Baranowski, R., Bay, C., Bortolotti, P., Doubrawa, P., MacDonald, S., Rooney, S., Bottasso, C., Fleming, P., Haupt, S., Hale, A., Hein, C. & Robertson, A., 2023, 92 p.

Research output: NREL › Technical Report

Modeling Wind-Hydrogen System and Analyzing Curtailment

Riccobono, N., Bay, C., Grant, E., Irmas, C., Starke, G., Thomas, J. & Tully, Z., 2023, 26 p.

Research output: NREL › Presentation

Opportunities for Green Hydrogen Production with Land-Based Wind in the United States: Article No. 117595

Clark, C., Barker, A., Brunik, K., Kotarbinski, M., Grant, E., Roberts, O., King, J., Stanley, A., Bhaskar, P. & Bay, C., 2023, In: Energy Conversion and Management. 296, 20 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

14 Scopus Citations

Optimal Wind Turbine Design for H2 Production

Bay, C., Starke, G., Thomas, J., Riccobono, N., Irmas, C., Tully, Z., Grant, E., Nagasawa, K., Leighton, D., King, J. & Dunn, D., 2023, 25 p.

Research output: NREL › Presentation

Shifting Demand: Reduction in Necessary Storage Capacity Through Tracking of Renewable Energy Generation: Article No. 100131

Wald, D., Johnson, K., King, J., Comden, J., Bay, C., Chintala, R., Vijayshankar, S. & Vaidhynathan, D., 2023, In: Advances in Applied Energy. 10, 17 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

23 Scopus Citations

Wind Turbine Design Optimization for Hydrogen Production

Thomas, J., Irmas, C., Starke, G., Grant, E., Riccobono, N., Tully, Z., Bortolotti, P., Barter, G. & Bay, C., 2023, 35 p.

Research output: NREL › Presentation

2022

A Comparison of Eight Optimization Methods Applied to a Wind Farm Layout Optimization Problem

Thomas, J., Baker, N., Malisani, P., Quaeghebeur, E., Sanchez Perez-Moreno, S., Jasa, J., Bay, C., Tilli, F., Bieniek, D., Robinson, N., Stanley, A., Holt, W. & Ning, A., 2022, In: Wind Energy Science Discussions. 43 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Addressing Deep Array Effects and Impacts to Wake Steering with the Cumulative-Curl Wake Model

Bay, C., Fleming, P., Doekemeijer, B., King, J., Churchfield, M. & Mudafort, R., 2022, In: Wind Energy Science Discussions. 28 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

A Model to Calculate Fatigue Damage Caused by Partial Waking During Wind Farm Optimization

Stanley, A., King, J., Bay, C. & Ning, A., 2022, In: Wind Energy Science. 7, 1, p. 433-454 22 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Scopus Citations

Chapter 38: Aerodynamics of Wake Steering

King, J., Fleming, P., Martinez, L., Bay, C. & Churchfield, M., 2022, Handbook of Wind Energy Aerodynamics: With 678 Figures and 33 Tables. Stoevesandt, B., Schepers, G., Fuglsang, P. & Sun, Y. (eds.). Springer International Publishing, p. 1197-1222 25 p.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › peer-review

1 Scopus Citations

Distributed Model Predictive Control for Coordinated, Grid-Interactive Buildings

Bay, C., Chintala, R., Chinde, V. & King, J., 2022, In: Applied Energy. 312, 11 p., 118612.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Open Access

32 Scopus Citations

Fast Yaw Optimization for Wind Plant Wake Steering Using Boolean Yaw Angles

Stanley, A., Bay, C., Mudafort, R. & Fleming, P., 2022, In: Wind Energy Science. 7, 2, p. 741-757 17 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Open Access

10 Scopus Citations

FLOW Estimation and Rose Superposition (FLOWERS): An Integral Approach to Engineering Wake Models

LoCascio, M., Bay, C., Bastankhah, M., Barter, G., Fleming, P. & Martinez-Tossas, L., 2022, In: Wind Energy Science. 7, 3, p. 1137-1151 15 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus Citations

Gradient-Based Wind Farm Layout Optimization Results Compared with Large-Eddy Simulations

Thomas, J., Bay, C., Stanley, A. & Ning, A., 2022, In: Wind Energy Science Discussions. 28 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Grid-Interactive Electric Vehicle and Building Coordination Using Coupled Distributed Control: Preprint

Wald, D., Johnson, K., Bay, C., King, J. & Chintala, R., 2022. 10 p.

Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper

9 Scopus Citations

Integration of distributed controllers: Power reference tracking through charging station and building coordination

Wald, D., King, J., Bay, C., Chintala, R. & Johnson, K., 2022, In: Applied Energy. 314, 13 p., 118753.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Open Access

9 Scopus Citations

New York Bight Offshore Wind Farms: Collaborative Development of Strategies and Tools to Address Commercial Fishing Access: NYSERDA Report 22-24

Green, R., DeGeorge, E., Bay, C., Duffy, P., Shields, M., Stanley, P. J., Hawkins, A., Hogan, F., Whitman, J., Wilson, S. & Bones, C.-A., 2022, 248 p.

Research output: NREL › Technical Report

Optimal Wind Turbine Design for H2 Production

Bay, C., Stanley, A., Jasa, J., Potere-Ramos, D., Leighton, D. & King, J., 2022, 17 p.

Research output: NREL › Presentation

25 Scopus Citations

Serial-Refine Method for Fast Wake-Steering Yaw Optimization

Fleming, P., Stanley, A., Bay, C., King, J., Simley, E., Doekemeijer, B. & Mudafort, R., 2 Jun 2022, In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2265, 3, 7 p., Article No. 032109.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Open Access

25 Scopus Citations

System Modeling Frameworks for Wind Turbines and Plants: Review and Requirements Specifications

Bortolotti, P., Bay, C., Barter, G., Gaertner, E., Dykes, K., McWilliam, M., Friis-Moller, M., Molgaard Pedersen, M. & Zahle, F., 2022, 32 p.

Research output: NREL › Technical Report

Towards Multi-Fidelity Deep Learning of Wind Turbine Wakes

Pawar, S., Sharma, A., Vijayakumar, G., Bay, C., Yellapantula, S. & San, O., 2022, In: Renewable Energy. 200, p. 867-879 13 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Open Access

17 Scopus Citations

2021

58 Scopus Citations

Control Co-Design of 13 MW Downwind Two-Bladed Rotors to Achieve 25% Reduction in Levelized Cost of Wind Energy

Pao, L. Y., Zalkind, D. S., Griffith, D. T., Chetan, M., Selig, M. S., Ananda, G. K., Bay, C. J., Stehly, T. & Loth, E., Jan 2021, In: Annual Reviews in Control. 51, p. 331-343 13 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Open Access

58 Scopus Citations

Control-Oriented Model for Secondary Effects of Wake Steering

King, J., Fleming, P., King, R., Martinez, L., Bay, C., Mudafort, R. & Simley, E., 2021, In: Wind Energy Science. 6, 3, p. 701-714 14 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Open Access

84 Scopus Citations

Design and Analysis of a Wake Model for Spatially Heterogeneous Flow

Farrell, A., King, J., Draxl, C., Mudafort, R., Hamilton, N., Bay, C., Fleming, P. & Simley, E., 2021, In: Wind Energy Science. 6, 3, p. 737-758 22 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Open Access

23 Scopus Citations

Evaluation of the Potential for Wake Steering for U.S. Land-Based Power Plants

Simley, E., Bensason, D., Roberts, O., Fleming, P., Debnath, M., King, J., Bay, C. & Mudafort, R., 1 May 2021, In: Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 13, 3, 16 p., Article No. 033303.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Open Access

25 Scopus Citations

FLOWERS: An Integral Approach to Engineering Wake Models

LoCascio, M., Bay, C., Bastankhah, M., Barter, G., Fleming, P. & Martinez-Tossas, L., 2021, In: Wind Energy Science Discussions. 22 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Gravo-Aeroelastic Scaling of a 13-MW Downwind Rotor for 20% Scale Blades

Kaminski, M., Noyes, C., Loth, E., Damiani, R., Hughes, S., Bay, C., Chetan, M., Griffith, D. T., Johnson, K. & Martin, D., 2021, In: Wind Energy. 24, 3, p. 229-245 17 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Open Access

10 Scopus Citations

Chris Bay

Research Output

Search results