Overview
Personal Profile
Kevin L. Schulte is a scientist in the High Efficiency Crystalline PV group in the Materials Applications & Performance center at NLR.
He received BS and MS degrees in chemical engineering from Northwestern University and a PhD in chemical engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. At Wisconsin, he designed and constructed a hydride vapor phase epitaxial (HVPE) growth reactor, with which he studied epitaxial growth fundamentals and defect incorporation mechanisms of III-V semiconductors.
At NLR he works to raise the efficiency and reduce the cost of III-V single and multijunction solar cells. He helped pioneer the high-throughput (>300 µm/hour) growth of III-V single-junction and tandem photovoltaic devices by dynamic-HVPE (D-HVPE), a technique with the potential to significantly reduce III-V device costs. He also investigates multijunction concentrator solar cells grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, focusing on the interplay between microstructure and performance of lattice mismatched graded buffers and devices.
Research Interests
Fundamentals of III-V epitaxial growth
Epitaxial reactor and reaction modeling and reactor design
High-throughput, high-efficiency III-V photovoltaic devices grown by D-HVPE
High-efficiency multijunction concentrator photovoltaics
Mismatched epitaxial growth and devices
Low-cost seeds for III-V epitaxy
Education/Academic Qualification
Master, Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University
Bachelor, Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University
PhD, Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Collaborations and Top Research Areas From the Past 5 Years
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Coupled CVD and Float Zone Reactor for Lower Cost, Higher Efficiency Si Boules: Final Technical Report
Schulte, K., 2026, 33 p.Research output: NLR › Technical Report
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Growth of Semiconductor Materials by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy Using an External Aluminum Chloride Generator
Metaferia, W. (Inventor), Schulte, K. (Inventor), Ptak, A. (Inventor) & Simon, J. (Inventor), 2026, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Patent No. 12,540,417 B2, 3 Feb 2026Research output: Patent
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Low Embodied Energy and Carbon, High Lifetime Silicon Boules via a Combined Chemical Vapor Deposition/Float Zone Process: Article No. 113902
Young, D., Young, E., He, X., Kleinsorge, A., Hassanaly, M., Loboda, M. & Schulte, K., 2026, In: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 294, 10 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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A Path to III-V Photovoltaic Cost Reduction Combining GaAs (211) Spalling with Halide Vapor Phase Epitaxy
Schulte, K., Dumont, M., Braun, A., Yoo, N., Packard, C., Simon, J. & Ptak, A., 2025, 20 p.Research output: NLR › Presentation
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Eye-Safe 1.5 and 2.0 Micron Laser Power Conversion Using Metamorphic InGaAs Photovoltaic Devices
Geisz, J., Schulte, K., Friedman, D., France, R. & Steiner, M., 2025. 5 p.Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper
1 Scopus Citations