An Advanced Actuator Line Method for Wind Energy Applications and Beyond: Preprint

Matthew Churchfield, Luis Martinez-Tossas, Charles Meneveau, Philippe Spalart, Scott Schreck

Research output: Contribution to conferencePaper

Abstract

The actuator line method to represent rotor aerodynamics within computational fluid dynamics has been in use for over a decade. This method applies a body force to the flow field along rotating lines corresponding to the individual rotor blades and employs tabular airfoil data to compute the force distribution. The actuator line method is attractive because compared to blade-resolved simulations, the required mesh is much simpler and the computational cost is lower. This work proposes a higher fidelity variant of the actuator line method meant to fill the space between current actuator line and blade-resolved simulations. It contains modifications in two key areas. The first is that of freestream velocity vector estimation along the line, which is necessary to compute the lift and drag along the line using tabular airfoil data. Most current methods rely on point sampling in which the location of sampling is ambiguous. Here we test a velocity sampling method that uses a properly weighted integral over space, removing this ambiguity. The second area of improvement is the function used to project the one-dimensional actuator line force onto the three-dimensional fluid mesh as a body force. We propose and test a projection function that spreads the force over a region that looks something like a real blade with the hope that it will produce the blade local and near wake flow features with more accuracy and higher fidelity. Our goal is that between these two improvements, not only will the flow field predictions be enhanced, but also the spanwise loading will be made more accurate. We refer to this combination of improvements as the advanced actuator line method. We apply these improvements to two different wind turbine cases. Although there is a strong wind energy motivation in our work, there is no reason these advanced actuator line ideas cannot be used in other applications, such as helicopter rotors.
Original languageAmerican English
Number of pages22
StatePublished - 2017
EventAmerican Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics SciTech 2017 - Grapevine, Texas
Duration: 9 Jan 201713 Jan 2017

Conference

ConferenceAmerican Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics SciTech 2017
CityGrapevine, Texas
Period9/01/1713/01/17

NREL Publication Number

  • NREL/CP-5000-67611

Keywords

  • actuator line
  • aerodynamics
  • computational fluid mechanics
  • wind turbine

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