An Experimental Study of Energy Consumption in Buildings Providing Ancillary Services

Yashen Lin; Sina Afshari; John Wolfe; Md Nazir; Ian Hiskens; Jeremiah Johnson; Johanna Mathieu; Arthur Barnes; Drew Geller; Scott Backhaus

doi:10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086069

An Experimental Study of Energy Consumption in Buildings Providing Ancillary Services

Yashen Lin, Sina Afshari, John Wolfe, Md Nazir, Ian Hiskens, Jeremiah Johnson, Johanna Mathieu, Arthur Barnes, Drew Geller, Scott Backhaus

Power Systems Engineering

Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

6 Scopus Citations

Abstract

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in commercial buildings can provide ancillary services (AS) to the power grid, but by providing AS their energy consumption may increase. This inefficiency is evaluated using round-trip efficiency (RTE), which is defined as the ratio between the decrease and the increase in the HVAC system's energy consumption compared to the baseline consumption as a result of providing AS. This paper evaluates the RTE of a 30,000 m² commercial building providing AS. We propose two methods to estimate the HVAC system's settling time after an AS event based on temperature and the air flow measurements from the building. Experimental data gathered over a 4-month period are used to calculate the RTE for AS signals of various waveforms, magnitudes, durations, and polarities. The results indicate that the settling time estimation algorithm based on the air flow measurements obtains more accurate results compared to the temperature-based algorithm. Further, we study the impact of the AS signal shape parameters on the RTE and discuss the practical implications of our findings.

Original language	American English
Number of pages	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086069 https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086069
State	Published - 26 Oct 2017
Event	2017 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2017 - Washington, United States Duration: 23 Apr 2017 → 26 Apr 2017

Conference

Conference	2017 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2017
Country/Territory	United States
City	Washington
Period	23/04/17 → 26/04/17

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 IEEE.

NREL Publication Number

NREL/CP-5D00-70867

Keywords

estimation
fans
power demand
shape
temperature measurement
windows

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Lin, Y., Afshari, S., Wolfe, J., Nazir, M., Hiskens, I., Johnson, J., Mathieu, J., Barnes, A., Geller, D., & Backhaus, S. (2017). An Experimental Study of Energy Consumption in Buildings Providing Ancillary Services. Paper presented at 2017 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2017, Washington, United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086069, https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086069

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Lin, Y, Afshari, S, Wolfe, J, Nazir, M, Hiskens, I, Johnson, J, Mathieu, J, Barnes, A, Geller, D & Backhaus, S 2017, 'An Experimental Study of Energy Consumption in Buildings Providing Ancillary Services', Paper presented at 2017 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2017, Washington, United States, 23/04/17 - 26/04/17. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086069, https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086069

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AU - Lin, Yashen

AU - Afshari, Sina

AU - Wolfe, John

AU - Nazir, Md

AU - Hiskens, Ian

AU - Johnson, Jeremiah

AU - Mathieu, Johanna

AU - Barnes, Arthur

AU - Geller, Drew

AU - Backhaus, Scott

PY - 2017/10/26

Y1 - 2017/10/26

N2 - Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in commercial buildings can provide ancillary services (AS) to the power grid, but by providing AS their energy consumption may increase. This inefficiency is evaluated using round-trip efficiency (RTE), which is defined as the ratio between the decrease and the increase in the HVAC system's energy consumption compared to the baseline consumption as a result of providing AS. This paper evaluates the RTE of a 30,000 m2 commercial building providing AS. We propose two methods to estimate the HVAC system's settling time after an AS event based on temperature and the air flow measurements from the building. Experimental data gathered over a 4-month period are used to calculate the RTE for AS signals of various waveforms, magnitudes, durations, and polarities. The results indicate that the settling time estimation algorithm based on the air flow measurements obtains more accurate results compared to the temperature-based algorithm. Further, we study the impact of the AS signal shape parameters on the RTE and discuss the practical implications of our findings.

AB - Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in commercial buildings can provide ancillary services (AS) to the power grid, but by providing AS their energy consumption may increase. This inefficiency is evaluated using round-trip efficiency (RTE), which is defined as the ratio between the decrease and the increase in the HVAC system's energy consumption compared to the baseline consumption as a result of providing AS. This paper evaluates the RTE of a 30,000 m2 commercial building providing AS. We propose two methods to estimate the HVAC system's settling time after an AS event based on temperature and the air flow measurements from the building. Experimental data gathered over a 4-month period are used to calculate the RTE for AS signals of various waveforms, magnitudes, durations, and polarities. The results indicate that the settling time estimation algorithm based on the air flow measurements obtains more accurate results compared to the temperature-based algorithm. Further, we study the impact of the AS signal shape parameters on the RTE and discuss the practical implications of our findings.

KW - estimation

KW - fans

KW - power demand

KW - shape

KW - temperature measurement

KW - windows

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Y2 - 23 April 2017 through 26 April 2017

ER -

An Experimental Study of Energy Consumption in Buildings Providing Ancillary Services

Abstract

Conference

Bibliographical note

NREL Publication Number

Keywords

UN SDGs

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