Biomass Recalcitrance: Engineering Plants and Enzymes for Biofuels Production

Michael Himmel, Shi-You Ding, David Johnson, William Adney, Mark Nimlos, John Brady, Thomas Foust

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Lignocellulosic biomass has long been recognized as a potential sustainable source of mixed sugars for fermentation to biofuels and other biomaterials. Several technologies have been developed during the past 80 years that allow this conversion process to occur, and the clear objective now is to make this process cost-competitive in today's markets. Here, we consider the natural resistance of plant cell walls to microbial and enzymatic deconstruction, collectively known as "biomass recalcitrance." It is this property of plants that is largely responsible for the high cost of lignocellulose conversion. To achieve sustainable energy production, it will be necessary to overcome the chemical and structural properties that have evolved in biomass to prevent its disassembly.
Original languageAmerican English
Pages (from-to)804-807
Number of pages4
JournalScience
Volume315
DOIs
StatePublished - 2007

NREL Publication Number

  • NREL/JA-270-40965

Keywords

  • biomass recalcitrance
  • lignocellulosic biomass

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