Blade-Coated Electron Transport Layers to Enable Scalable Perovskite Photovoltaics

With substantial improvements in efficiency of organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), attention has shifted to scale and commercial viability. While deposition of the perovskite absorber layer has been demonstrated using high throughput blade coating and even roll-to-roll printing, associated transport layers are often deposited using energy- and cost-intensive methods such as thermal evaporation. Here, we present an ambient process to blade coat mixed fullerene and bathocuproine (BCP) electron transport layers (ETLs) in inverted PSCs for low-cost, high throughput, scalable devices demonstrating efficiencies matching evaporated methods and >15% for device areas of 1 cm2.