Abstract
Decreasing levelized costs of renewable electricity coupled with expanding deployment are enabling a rapid reduction in the carbon intensity of the electrical grid. However, this transition is occurring more slowly in other sectors, including transportation and manufacturing. Power-to-X technologies provide a means to accelerate this transition in those sectors by converting renewable electricity into chemical energy and heat. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the existing and emerging Power-to-X technologies covering the production of methane (hydrogen is covered in Chapter 5) (i.e. Power-to-Gas), chemicals and fuels (e.g. ammonia, carbon monoxide, ethylene, methanol, ethanol, and formic acid), and heat (e.g. for industrial and building applications); discuss the overarching and technology-specific challenges and opportunities; and highlight the implications of deployment of Power-to-X technologies on power generation. We emphasize that Power-to-X technologies do exist today at various stages of development and commercialization and that a transition to lower carbon intensity for the transportation and manufacturing sectors is possible, but it requires immense growth of the electrical grid and appropriate systems design and operations.
Original language | American English |
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Title of host publication | Technologies for Integrated Energy Systems and Networks |
Editors | G. Graditi, M. Di Somma |
Publisher | wiley |
Pages | 41-70 |
Number of pages | 30 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9783527833634 |
ISBN (Print) | 9783527348992 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2022 WILEY-VCH GmbH, Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany. All rights reserved.
NREL Publication Number
- NREL/CH-5100-80504
Keywords
- Power-to-Chemicals
- Power-to-Fuels
- Power-to-Gas
- Power-to-Heat
- Power-to-X
- renewable electricity