Characteristics of Low-Temperature Annealed TiO2 Films Deposited by Precipitation from Hydrolyzed TiCl4 Solutions

Kang Jin Kim; Kurt D. Benkstein; Jao Van de Lagemaat; Arthur J. Frank

doi:10.1021/cm0106421

Characteristics of Low-Temperature Annealed TiO2 Films Deposited by Precipitation from Hydrolyzed TiCl4 Solutions

Kang Jin Kim, Kurt D. Benkstein, Jao Van de Lagemaat, Arthur J. Frank

Chemistry and Nanoscience

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

112 Scopus Citations

Abstract

The effect of annealing temperature on the properties of TiO₂ films prepared from hydrolyzed TiCl₄ solutions was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoelectrochemical measurements. It is found that the amount of rutile in the TiO₂ films increases from room temperature to 250 °C. Above 250 °C, the amount of crystalline rutile material did not change. Analysis of XRD data suggests that a noncrystalline phase is converted to the rutile phase of TiO₂ by heat treatment of the films. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the size of the rutile crystallites increases with temperature from about 100 to 400 °C. The photocurrent and conversion efficiency of the cells improved substantially with annealing temperature. The higher photocurrent appears to correlate with the increased crystallinity of the film. The TiO₂ material displayed a photochromic effect.

Original language	American English
Pages (from-to)	1042-1047
Number of pages	6
Journal	Chemistry of Materials
Volume	14
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/cm0106421 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm0106421
State	Published - 2002

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NREL/JA-590-32088

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title = "Characteristics of Low-Temperature Annealed TiO2 Films Deposited by Precipitation from Hydrolyzed TiCl4 Solutions",

abstract = "The effect of annealing temperature on the properties of TiO2 films prepared from hydrolyzed TiCl4 solutions was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoelectrochemical measurements. It is found that the amount of rutile in the TiO2 films increases from room temperature to 250 °C. Above 250 °C, the amount of crystalline rutile material did not change. Analysis of XRD data suggests that a noncrystalline phase is converted to the rutile phase of TiO2 by heat treatment of the films. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the size of the rutile crystallites increases with temperature from about 100 to 400 °C. The photocurrent and conversion efficiency of the cells improved substantially with annealing temperature. The higher photocurrent appears to correlate with the increased crystallinity of the film. The TiO2 material displayed a photochromic effect.",

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T1 - Characteristics of Low-Temperature Annealed TiO2 Films Deposited by Precipitation from Hydrolyzed TiCl4 Solutions

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AU - Van de Lagemaat, Jao

AU - Frank, Arthur J.

PY - 2002

Y1 - 2002

N2 - The effect of annealing temperature on the properties of TiO2 films prepared from hydrolyzed TiCl4 solutions was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoelectrochemical measurements. It is found that the amount of rutile in the TiO2 films increases from room temperature to 250 °C. Above 250 °C, the amount of crystalline rutile material did not change. Analysis of XRD data suggests that a noncrystalline phase is converted to the rutile phase of TiO2 by heat treatment of the films. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the size of the rutile crystallites increases with temperature from about 100 to 400 °C. The photocurrent and conversion efficiency of the cells improved substantially with annealing temperature. The higher photocurrent appears to correlate with the increased crystallinity of the film. The TiO2 material displayed a photochromic effect.

AB - The effect of annealing temperature on the properties of TiO2 films prepared from hydrolyzed TiCl4 solutions was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoelectrochemical measurements. It is found that the amount of rutile in the TiO2 films increases from room temperature to 250 °C. Above 250 °C, the amount of crystalline rutile material did not change. Analysis of XRD data suggests that a noncrystalline phase is converted to the rutile phase of TiO2 by heat treatment of the films. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the size of the rutile crystallites increases with temperature from about 100 to 400 °C. The photocurrent and conversion efficiency of the cells improved substantially with annealing temperature. The higher photocurrent appears to correlate with the increased crystallinity of the film. The TiO2 material displayed a photochromic effect.

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JO - Chemistry of Materials

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Characteristics of Low-Temperature Annealed TiO2 Films Deposited by Precipitation from Hydrolyzed TiCl4 Solutions

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