Characterization and Performance of UNS S63019 (21-4N) as Bipolar Plate Material in a Simulated Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Environment

The austenitic stainless steel UNS S63019 was evaluated regarding its potential as bipolar plate material in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) environment. Segregated grains of niobium carbide (NbC_x) were identified in polished cross-sections of the alloy, offering a possible pathway for enhanced electrical conductivity through the passive surface oxide. Additionally, the alloy was tested for corrosion resistance in a simulated PEMFC environment. It was considered that perhaps the elevated nitrogen concentration in the alloy would provide some benefit for corrosion resistance. Results for interfacial contact resistance (ICR) testing of the air-formed surface film on UNS S63019 showed decreased electrical conductivity as compared to UNS S30400. Niobium carbide particles did not improve film conductivity due to a non-conductive niobium oxide layer that formed on the surface. Corrosion resistance of the alloy was also poor as compared with UNS S30400, demonstrating that elevated nitrogen concentration in the alloy was not adequate in itself to enhance corrosion resistance. Poor corrosion resistance was attributed primarily to high carbon content in the alloy which combined with a significant amount of chromium to form carbides.