Distribution Service Transformer Loading Analysis with EV Grid Integration

Mingzhi Zhang; Zhaocai Liu; Nadia Panossian; Emin Ucer; Erik Pohl; Mithat John Kisacikoglu

doi:10.1109/PESGM52009.2025.11225756

Distribution Service Transformer Loading Analysis with EV Grid Integration

Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper

1 Scopus Citations

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are essential for decarbonizing the transportation system, but their increasing adoption presents significant challenges for the distribution system. Overloading of low-voltage service transformers has become a particular concern, especially for older transformers that were sized before the integration of EVs. This study provides a comparative analysis to evaluate the impacts of EV charging on distribution service transformers. High-fidelity EV charging load profiles are generated based on mobility characteristics and various smart charging management (SCM) strategies. Transformer loading is assessed by combining actual household load profiles from smart meter data with simulated EV charging profiles. The results show that different SCMs can lead to substantial differences in transformer loading, highlighting the potential of coordinated smart charging to mitigate service transformer overloading.

Original language	American English
Number of pages	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM52009.2025.11225756
State	Published - 2025
Event	2025 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting - Austin Duration: 28 Jul 2025 → 1 Aug 2025

Conference

Conference	2025 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting
City	Austin
Period	28/07/25 → 1/08/25

NLR Publication Number

NREL/CP-5400-92397

Keywords

electric vehicle
mobility
service transformer
smart charging management (SCM)
time-of-use (TOU)

Access to Document

10.1109/PESGM52009.2025.11225756

Cite this

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title = "Distribution Service Transformer Loading Analysis with EV Grid Integration",

abstract = "Electric vehicles (EVs) are essential for decarbonizing the transportation system, but their increasing adoption presents significant challenges for the distribution system. Overloading of low-voltage service transformers has become a particular concern, especially for older transformers that were sized before the integration of EVs. This study provides a comparative analysis to evaluate the impacts of EV charging on distribution service transformers. High-fidelity EV charging load profiles are generated based on mobility characteristics and various smart charging management (SCM) strategies. Transformer loading is assessed by combining actual household load profiles from smart meter data with simulated EV charging profiles. The results show that different SCMs can lead to substantial differences in transformer loading, highlighting the potential of coordinated smart charging to mitigate service transformer overloading.",

keywords = "electric vehicle, mobility, service transformer, smart charging management (SCM), time-of-use (TOU)",

author = "Mingzhi Zhang and Zhaocai Liu and Nadia Panossian and Emin Ucer and Erik Pohl and Kisacikoglu, \{Mithat John\}",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/PESGM52009.2025.11225756",

language = "American English",

note = "2025 IEEE Power \& Energy Society General Meeting ; Conference date: 28-07-2025 Through 01-08-2025",

}

TY - CONF

T1 - Distribution Service Transformer Loading Analysis with EV Grid Integration

AU - Zhang, Mingzhi

AU - Liu, Zhaocai

AU - Panossian, Nadia

AU - Ucer, Emin

AU - Pohl, Erik

AU - Kisacikoglu, Mithat John

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Electric vehicles (EVs) are essential for decarbonizing the transportation system, but their increasing adoption presents significant challenges for the distribution system. Overloading of low-voltage service transformers has become a particular concern, especially for older transformers that were sized before the integration of EVs. This study provides a comparative analysis to evaluate the impacts of EV charging on distribution service transformers. High-fidelity EV charging load profiles are generated based on mobility characteristics and various smart charging management (SCM) strategies. Transformer loading is assessed by combining actual household load profiles from smart meter data with simulated EV charging profiles. The results show that different SCMs can lead to substantial differences in transformer loading, highlighting the potential of coordinated smart charging to mitigate service transformer overloading.

AB - Electric vehicles (EVs) are essential for decarbonizing the transportation system, but their increasing adoption presents significant challenges for the distribution system. Overloading of low-voltage service transformers has become a particular concern, especially for older transformers that were sized before the integration of EVs. This study provides a comparative analysis to evaluate the impacts of EV charging on distribution service transformers. High-fidelity EV charging load profiles are generated based on mobility characteristics and various smart charging management (SCM) strategies. Transformer loading is assessed by combining actual household load profiles from smart meter data with simulated EV charging profiles. The results show that different SCMs can lead to substantial differences in transformer loading, highlighting the potential of coordinated smart charging to mitigate service transformer overloading.

KW - electric vehicle

KW - mobility

KW - service transformer

KW - smart charging management (SCM)

KW - time-of-use (TOU)

U2 - 10.1109/PESGM52009.2025.11225756

DO - 10.1109/PESGM52009.2025.11225756

M3 - Paper

T2 - 2025 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting

Y2 - 28 July 2025 through 1 August 2025

ER -

Distribution Service Transformer Loading Analysis with EV Grid Integration

Abstract

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NLR Publication Number

Keywords

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