TY - JOUR
T1 - Enabling Fast Charging - Infrastructure and Economic Considerations
AU - Keyser, Matthew
AU - Kreutzer, Cory
AU - Markel, Anthony
AU - Pesaran, Ahmad
AU - Meintz, Andrew
AU - Burnham, Andrew
AU - Stephens, Thomas
AU - Vijayagopal, Ram
AU - Hardy, Keith
AU - Ahmed, Shabbir
AU - Bloom, Ira
AU - Jansen, Andrew
AU - Dufek, Eric
AU - Francfort, James
AU - Michelbacher, Christopher
AU - Carlson, Richard
AU - Dias, Fernando
AU - Mohanpurkar, Manish
AU - Scoffield, Don
AU - Shirk, Matthew
AU - Hovsapian, Rob
AU - Tanim, Tanvir
AU - Zhang, Jiucai
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2017/11/1
Y1 - 2017/11/1
N2 - The ability to charge battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on a time scale that is on par with the time to fuel an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) would remove a significant barrier to the adoption of BEVs. However, for viability, fast charging at this time scale needs to also occur at a price that is acceptable to consumers. Therefore, the cost drivers for both BEV owners and charging station providers are analyzed. In addition, key infrastructure considerations are examined, including grid stability and delivery of power, the design of fast charging stations and the design and use of electric vehicle service equipment. Each of these aspects have technical barriers that need to be addressed, and are directly linked to economic impacts to use and implementation. This discussion focuses on both the economic and infrastructure issues which exist and need to be addressed for the effective implementation of fast charging at 400 kW and above. In so doing, it has been found that there is a distinct need to effectively manage the intermittent, high power demand of fast charging, strategically plan infrastructure corridors, and to further understand the cost of operation of charging infrastructure and BEVs.
AB - The ability to charge battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on a time scale that is on par with the time to fuel an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) would remove a significant barrier to the adoption of BEVs. However, for viability, fast charging at this time scale needs to also occur at a price that is acceptable to consumers. Therefore, the cost drivers for both BEV owners and charging station providers are analyzed. In addition, key infrastructure considerations are examined, including grid stability and delivery of power, the design of fast charging stations and the design and use of electric vehicle service equipment. Each of these aspects have technical barriers that need to be addressed, and are directly linked to economic impacts to use and implementation. This discussion focuses on both the economic and infrastructure issues which exist and need to be addressed for the effective implementation of fast charging at 400 kW and above. In so doing, it has been found that there is a distinct need to effectively manage the intermittent, high power demand of fast charging, strategically plan infrastructure corridors, and to further understand the cost of operation of charging infrastructure and BEVs.
KW - Battery electric vehicles
KW - Demand charges
KW - Economics
KW - Electric vehicle infrastructure
KW - Extreme fast charging (XFC)
KW - Total cost of ownership
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85031995616&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.06.079
DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.06.079
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85031995616
SN - 0378-7753
VL - 367
SP - 237
EP - 249
JO - Journal of Power Sources
JF - Journal of Power Sources
ER -