Abstract
Grid-forming (GFM) inverters are a promising technology for the widespread integration of renewable energy sources in future power systems. As a key element of GFM inverter control, the primary controller governs the internal reference voltage and angle. During contingencies in the grid - such as faults, voltage drops, or frequency and phase jumps - an inverter can be forced into a current-limiting mode of operation modulating inverter dynamics, and, as a result, it is prone to losing synchronism with the grid. In this paper, we propose a novel GFM primary control method with an additional synchronization term that naturally activates during contingencies to improve the dynamic response. The method allows the inverter to remain synchronized with the grid, which improves the inverter's dynamic behavior both during and after current-limiting grid conditions and enhances grid support, including voltage support using the full inverter current capacity. The method is demonstrated for voltage, frequency, and phase jumps both in a single-machine-to-infinite-bus and a network-wide electromagnetic transient simulation of the IEEE 14-bus system with 5 GFM inverters. The simulations provide insights into the proposed synchronization method and confirm the high potential of the method, which robustly secures synchronism under severe contingencies.
Original language | American English |
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Number of pages | 8 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2023 |
Event | 2023 IEEE 24th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL) - Ann Arbor, Michigan Duration: 25 Jun 2023 → 28 Jun 2023 |
Conference
Conference | 2023 IEEE 24th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL) |
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City | Ann Arbor, Michigan |
Period | 25/06/23 → 28/06/23 |
Bibliographical note
See NREL/CP-5D00-86296 for preprintNREL Publication Number
- NREL/CP-5D00-87689
Keywords
- contingency management
- dynamics
- electric potential
- inverters
- limiting
- power system dynamics
- power system stability