Equivalent-Circuit Models of Grid-Forming IBRs for Electromagnetic-Transient Simulations

Nathan Baeckeland, Thomas Ankner, Sairaj Dhople, Brian Johnson, Gab-Su Seo

Research output: Contribution to conferencePaper

Abstract

We derive equivalent-circuit models of control- and physical-layer subsystems of grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) for electromagnetic-transient (EMT) simulations. Three different primary controllers are considered: Droop, Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM), and dispatchable Virtual Oscillator Control (dVOC). In addition, the models include cascaded voltage- and current-control loops, and LCL output filters. Simulations for a single-inverter setup and for a network of five inverters in a modified IEEE 14-bus topology are presented. The equivalent-circuit models simulated with analog electronic circuit-simulator software (in our case, LTspice) offer the same accuracy, and with no explicit tuning of the solver, lower computational burden compared to block-diagram-based implementations in commercial off-the-shelf EMT software (in our case, MATLAB-Simulink).
Original languageAmerican English
Number of pages5
DOIs
StatePublished - 2024
Event2024 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting - Seattle, Washington
Duration: 21 Jul 202425 Jul 2024

Conference

Conference2024 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting
CitySeattle, Washington
Period21/07/2425/07/24

Bibliographical note

See NREL/CP-5D00-88117 for preprint

NREL Publication Number

  • NREL/CP-5D00-92004

Keywords

  • electromagnetic transient simulation
  • equivalent-circuit models
  • grid-forming inverters

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