Abstract
The supply and return piping of passive solar domestic hot water systems (SDHWS) is typically exposed to ambient weather conditions, and damaging pipe freeze is a major concern. This paper presents a pipe-freeze model that accounts for hot water draws and uses 30 years of actual weather data. The simulation results are cast in terms of pipe-freeze probabilities. Using contour maps of the continental United States, the pipe-freeze probabilities for residential, commercial, and seasonal passive SDHWS are presented for various pipe and insulation geometries.
Original language | American English |
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Pages (from-to) | 469-474 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Journal | Solar Energy |
Volume | 73 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2002 |
NREL Publication Number
- NREL/JA-550-35015