Abstract
This paper examines state-of-the-art microgrid (MG) black-start technologies with high IBR penetrations and proposes black-start and interconnection methods for 100% grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based MGs. A multiple-microgrid approach is proposed and compared to the existing methods in a 4-bus, 12-GFM inverter simulation test setup. This investigation involves intelligent synchronization units called "synchrobreakers," which enable the synchronization of multiple MGs based on their terminal measurements. MGs in this setup are held at different loading levels and comprise averaged models of GFM inverters with ideal voltage sources. The results of the black-start techniques are compared, and conclusions are drawn to better prepare MG planners and DSOs for the next-generation GFM inverter-based multi-MG black-start procedures.
Original language | American English |
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Number of pages | 8 |
State | Published - 2023 |
Event | 2023 IEEE Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies North America (ISGT NA) - Washington, D.C. Duration: 16 Jan 2023 → 19 Jan 2023 |
Conference
Conference | 2023 IEEE Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies North America (ISGT NA) |
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City | Washington, D.C. |
Period | 16/01/23 → 19/01/23 |
Bibliographical note
See NREL/CP-5D00-86222 for paper as published in proceedingsNREL Publication Number
- NREL/CP-5D00-83956
Keywords
- black start
- bottom-up restoration
- grid-forming inverters
- microgrid
- synchrobreaker