Investigating Multi-Microgrid Black Start Methods Using Grid-Forming Inverters: Preprint

Elliott Fix, Abhishek Banerjee, Ulrich Muenz, Gab-Su Seo

Research output: Contribution to conferencePaper

Abstract

This paper examines state-of-the-art microgrid (MG) black-start technologies with high IBR penetrations and proposes black-start and interconnection methods for 100% grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based MGs. A multiple-microgrid approach is proposed and compared to the existing methods in a 4-bus, 12-GFM inverter simulation test setup. This investigation involves intelligent synchronization units called "synchrobreakers," which enable the synchronization of multiple MGs based on their terminal measurements. MGs in this setup are held at different loading levels and comprise averaged models of GFM inverters with ideal voltage sources. The results of the black-start techniques are compared, and conclusions are drawn to better prepare MG planners and DSOs for the next-generation GFM inverter-based multi-MG black-start procedures.
Original languageAmerican English
Number of pages8
StatePublished - 2023
Event2023 IEEE Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies North America (ISGT NA) - Washington, D.C.
Duration: 16 Jan 202319 Jan 2023

Conference

Conference2023 IEEE Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies North America (ISGT NA)
CityWashington, D.C.
Period16/01/2319/01/23

Bibliographical note

See NREL/CP-5D00-86222 for paper as published in proceedings

NREL Publication Number

  • NREL/CP-5D00-83956

Keywords

  • black start
  • bottom-up restoration
  • grid-forming inverters
  • microgrid
  • synchrobreaker

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