TY - JOUR
T1 - Lignocellulose Degradation Mechanisms Across the Tree of Life
AU - Beckham, Gregg
AU - Cragg, Simon
AU - Bruce, Neil
AU - Bugg, Timothy
AU - Distel, Daniel
AU - Dupree, Paul
AU - Etxabe, Amaia
AU - Goodell, Barry
AU - Jellison, Jody
AU - McGeehan, John
AU - McQueen-Mason, Simon
AU - Schnorr, Kirk
AU - Walton, Paul
AU - Watts, Joy
AU - Zimmer, Martin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 The Authors.
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - Organisms use diverse mechanisms involving multiple complementary enzymes, particularly glycoside hydrolases (GHs), to deconstruct lignocellulose. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) produced by bacteria and fungi facilitate deconstruction as does the Fenton chemistry of brown-rot fungi. Lignin depolymerisation is achieved by white-rot fungi and certain bacteria, using peroxidases and laccases. Meta-omics is now revealing the complexity of prokaryotic degradative activity in lignocellulose-rich environments. Protists from termite guts and some oomycetes produce multiple lignocellulolytic enzymes. Lignocellulose-consuming animals secrete some GHs, but most harbour a diverse enzyme-secreting gut microflora in a mutualism that is particularly complex in termites. Shipworms however, house GH-secreting and LPMO-secreting bacteria separate from the site of digestion and the isopod Limnoria relies on endogenous enzymes alone. The omics revolution is identifying many novel enzymes and paradigms for biomass deconstruction, but more emphasis on function is required, particularly for enzyme cocktails, in which LPMOs may play an important role.
AB - Organisms use diverse mechanisms involving multiple complementary enzymes, particularly glycoside hydrolases (GHs), to deconstruct lignocellulose. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) produced by bacteria and fungi facilitate deconstruction as does the Fenton chemistry of brown-rot fungi. Lignin depolymerisation is achieved by white-rot fungi and certain bacteria, using peroxidases and laccases. Meta-omics is now revealing the complexity of prokaryotic degradative activity in lignocellulose-rich environments. Protists from termite guts and some oomycetes produce multiple lignocellulolytic enzymes. Lignocellulose-consuming animals secrete some GHs, but most harbour a diverse enzyme-secreting gut microflora in a mutualism that is particularly complex in termites. Shipworms however, house GH-secreting and LPMO-secreting bacteria separate from the site of digestion and the isopod Limnoria relies on endogenous enzymes alone. The omics revolution is identifying many novel enzymes and paradigms for biomass deconstruction, but more emphasis on function is required, particularly for enzyme cocktails, in which LPMOs may play an important role.
KW - biomass deconstruction
KW - lignin depolymerisation
KW - lignocellulolytic enzymes
KW - lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases
KW - Olympics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84946830249&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.10.018
DO - 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.10.018
M3 - Article
C2 - 26583519
AN - SCOPUS:84946830249
SN - 1367-5931
VL - 29
SP - 108
EP - 119
JO - Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
JF - Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
ER -