Abstract
Relatively long recharge time of high-energy density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is one of the major obstacles to the widespread deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). Excessive fast charge of LIBs can cause severe safety issues, the most significant of which is lithium plating. In addition to the consumption of cyclable lithium, dendrite-like lithium plating can cause short-circuiting within the cell, which could lead to catastrophic failure. In addition to the developments of advanced electrolytes, active materials and electrodes, the fast charging capability of LIBs can be improved by using optimized charging protocol. In this work, the Pseudo2D battery model is first used to screen some conventional charging protocols proposed for fast charging, including the constant-current constant-voltage charging (CCCV), constant-power constant-voltage charging (CPCV), multi-stage constant-current charging, and pulse current charging. A semi-optimal charging protocol is then developed by automatically modifying the charge current such that the cell is charged at close-to-maximum current without lithium plating. Based on the features of the semi-optimal protocol, two practical novel fast charging protocols are proposed which allow charging the cell at a higher rate without lithium plating. Through simulation, we show that the no-plating capacity after 10 min charge can be improved by up to ∼10.7% compared to CCCV charging for a 2.5 mAh cm-2 cell and ∼18.8% for a 4 mAh cm-2 cell, when the proposed charging protocols are used.
Original language | American English |
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Article number | 080517 |
Number of pages | 15 |
Journal | Journal of the Electrochemical Society |
Volume | 167 |
Issue number | 8 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2020 The Electrochemical Society ("ECS"). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited.
NREL Publication Number
- NREL/JA-5400-76107
Keywords
- fast charging protocol
- lithium plating
- Pseudo2D model