Abstract
With the rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), lowering fabrication costs for PSCs has become a prominent challenge for commercialization. At present, gold is commonly used as the back metal electrode in state-of-the-art n-i-p structured PSCs due to its compatible work function, chemical inertness, and high conductivity. However, the high cost of gold and the expensive and time-consuming vacuum-based thin-film coating facilities may impede large-scale industrialization of PSCs. Here, we report a bilayer back electrode configuration consisting of an Ni-doped natural graphite layer with a fusible Bi-In alloy. This back electrode can be deposited in a vacuum-free approach and enables PSCs with a power conversion efficiency of 21.0%. These inexpensive materials and facile ambient fabrication techniques provide an appealing disruptive solution to low-cost PSC industrialization.
Original language | American English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2940-2945 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Journal | ACS Energy Letters |
Volume | 8 |
Issue number | 7 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2023 |
NREL Publication Number
- NREL/JA-5900-86385
Keywords
- fusible alloy
- graphite
- low cost
- perovskite solar cell
- vacuum free