Oxygen Reduction Reaction Measurements on Platinum Electrocatalysts Utilizing Rotating Disk Electrode Technique: II. Influence of Ink Formulation, Catalyst Layer Uniformity and Thickness

Kazuma Shinozaki; Jason W. Zack; Svitlana Pylypenko; Bryan S. Pivovar; Shyam S. Kocha

doi:10.1149/2.0551512jes

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Measurements on Platinum Electrocatalysts Utilizing Rotating Disk Electrode Technique: II. Influence of Ink Formulation, Catalyst Layer Uniformity and Thickness

Kazuma Shinozaki, Jason W. Zack, Svitlana Pylypenko, Bryan S. Pivovar, Shyam S. Kocha

Chemistry and Nanoscience

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

226 Scopus Citations

Abstract

Platinum electrocatalysts supported on high surface area and Vulcan carbon blacks (Pt/HSC, Pt/V) were characterized in rotating disk electrode (RDE) setups for electrochemical area (ECA) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) area specific activity (SA) and mass specific activity (MA) at 0.9 V. Films fabricated using several ink formulations and film-drying techniques were characterized for a statistically significant number of independent samples. The highest quality Pt/HSC films exhibited MA 870 ±91 mA/mgPt and SA 864 ± 56 μA/cm² Pt while Pt/V had MA 706 ± 42 mA/mgPt and SA 1120 ± 70 μA/cm² Pt when measured in 0.1 M HClO₄, 20 mV/s, 100 kPa O2 and 23±2.C. An enhancement factor of 2.8 in themeasured SA was observable on eliminating Nafion ionomer and employing extremely thin, uniform films (∼4.5 μg/cm² Pt) of Pt/HSC. The ECA for Pt/HSC (99 ± 7 m²/gPt) and Pt/V (65 ± 5 m²/gPt) were statistically invariant and insensitive to film uniformity/thickness/fabrication technique; accordingly, enhancements in MA are wholly attributable to increases in SA. Impedance measurements coupled with scanning electron microscopy were used to de-convolute the losses within the catalyst layer and ascribed to the catalyst layer resistance, oxygen diffusion, and sulfonate anion adsorption/blocking. The ramifications of these results for proton exchange membrane fuel cells have also been examined.

Original language	American English
Pages (from-to)	F1384-F1396
Journal	Journal of the Electrochemical Society
Volume	162
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0551512jes https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0551512jes
State	Published - 2015

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2015.

NREL Publication Number

NREL/JA-5900-65578

Keywords

activity
benchmark
ink formulation
ORR
platinum
protocols
TF-RDE

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Shinozaki, K., Zack, J. W., Pylypenko, S., Pivovar, B. S., & Kocha, S. S. (2015). Oxygen Reduction Reaction Measurements on Platinum Electrocatalysts Utilizing Rotating Disk Electrode Technique: II. Influence of Ink Formulation, Catalyst Layer Uniformity and Thickness. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 162(12), F1384-F1396. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0551512jes, https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0551512jes

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title = "Oxygen Reduction Reaction Measurements on Platinum Electrocatalysts Utilizing Rotating Disk Electrode Technique: II. Influence of Ink Formulation, Catalyst Layer Uniformity and Thickness",

abstract = "Platinum electrocatalysts supported on high surface area and Vulcan carbon blacks (Pt/HSC, Pt/V) were characterized in rotating disk electrode (RDE) setups for electrochemical area (ECA) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) area specific activity (SA) and mass specific activity (MA) at 0.9 V. Films fabricated using several ink formulations and film-drying techniques were characterized for a statistically significant number of independent samples. The highest quality Pt/HSC films exhibited MA 870 ±91 mA/mgPt and SA 864 ± 56 μA/cm2 Pt while Pt/V had MA 706 ± 42 mA/mgPt and SA 1120 ± 70 μA/cm2 Pt when measured in 0.1 M HClO4, 20 mV/s, 100 kPa O2 and 23±2.C. An enhancement factor of 2.8 in themeasured SA was observable on eliminating Nafion ionomer and employing extremely thin, uniform films (∼4.5 μg/cm2 Pt) of Pt/HSC. The ECA for Pt/HSC (99 ± 7 m2/gPt) and Pt/V (65 ± 5 m2/gPt) were statistically invariant and insensitive to film uniformity/thickness/fabrication technique; accordingly, enhancements in MA are wholly attributable to increases in SA. Impedance measurements coupled with scanning electron microscopy were used to de-convolute the losses within the catalyst layer and ascribed to the catalyst layer resistance, oxygen diffusion, and sulfonate anion adsorption/blocking. The ramifications of these results for proton exchange membrane fuel cells have also been examined.",

keywords = "activity, benchmark, ink formulation, ORR, platinum, protocols, TF-RDE",

author = "Kazuma Shinozaki and Zack, {Jason W.} and Svitlana Pylypenko and Pivovar, {Bryan S.} and Kocha, {Shyam S.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2015.",

year = "2015",

doi = "10.1149/2.0551512jes",

language = "American English",

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Shinozaki, K, Zack, JW, Pylypenko, S, Pivovar, BS & Kocha, SS 2015, 'Oxygen Reduction Reaction Measurements on Platinum Electrocatalysts Utilizing Rotating Disk Electrode Technique: II. Influence of Ink Formulation, Catalyst Layer Uniformity and Thickness', Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 162, no. 12, pp. F1384-F1396. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0551512jes, https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0551512jes

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Measurements on Platinum Electrocatalysts Utilizing Rotating Disk Electrode Technique: II. Influence of Ink Formulation, Catalyst Layer Uniformity and Thickness. / Shinozaki, Kazuma; Zack, Jason W.; Pylypenko, Svitlana et al.
In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, No. 12, 2015, p. F1384-F1396.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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AU - Shinozaki, Kazuma

AU - Zack, Jason W.

AU - Pylypenko, Svitlana

AU - Pivovar, Bryan S.

AU - Kocha, Shyam S.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2015.

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KW - protocols

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Oxygen Reduction Reaction Measurements on Platinum Electrocatalysts Utilizing Rotating Disk Electrode Technique: II. Influence of Ink Formulation, Catalyst Layer Uniformity and Thickness

Abstract

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NREL Publication Number

Keywords

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