Polymer Encapsulated Framework Materials for Enhanced Gas Storage and Separations

Within the broader field of energy storage, polymer-encapsulated framework (PEF) materials have witnessed remarkable growth in recent years, with transformative implications for diverse applications. This comprehensive review discusses in detail the latest advancements in the design, synthesis, and applications of PEFs in gas storage and separations. Following a thorough survey of existing literature, the article delves into mechanistic considerations and foundational principles governing PEF synthesis. Emphasis is placed on covalent and coordinative covalent grafting methods, physical blending, nonsolvent utilization, and various vapor deposition techniques. The discussion critically evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of these synthesis approaches, considering factors such as grafting density, coating thickness, and other physical properties relevant to processability and stability in comparison to traditional framework materials. Special attention is given to the impact of polymer coatings on gas adsorption analysis. Finally, notable accomplishments and advancements in the PEF field, including mixed matrix membrane (MMM) technology, improvements in framework form factors, and enhanced chemical and mechanical stability are summarized. This review concludes by offering valuable perspective for researchers, highlighting gaps and challenges that confront the current state-of-the-art in PEF materials, paving the way for future innovations that are poised to help address global energy challenges.