TY - JOUR
T1 - Terawatt-Scale Photovoltaics: Transform Global Energy
AU - Haegel, Nancy
AU - Barnes, Teresa
AU - Burrell, Anthony
AU - Feldman, David
AU - Kroposki, Benjamin
AU - Kurtz, Sarah
AU - Margolis, Robert
AU - Metzger, Wyatt
AU - Tumas, William
AU - Van De Lagemaat, Jao
AU - Warren, Emily
AU - Werner, Mary
AU - Jr., Harry
AU - Breyer, Christian
AU - Chiang, Yet-Ming
AU - Wolf, Stefaan
AU - Dimmler, Bernhard
AU - Glunz, Stefan
AU - Goldschmidt, Jan
AU - Hochschild, David
AU - Inzunza, Ruben
AU - Kaizuka, Izumi
AU - Leu, Sylvere
AU - Matsubara, Koji
AU - Metz, Axel
AU - Morjaria, Mahesh
AU - Niki, Shigeru
AU - Nowak, Stefan
AU - Peters, Ian
AU - Philipps, Simon
AU - Reindl, Thomas
AU - Richter, Andre
AU - Rose, Doug
AU - Sakurai, Keiichiro
AU - Schlatmann, Rutger
AU - Shikano, Masahiro
AU - Sinke, Wim
AU - Sinton, Ron
AU - Stanbery, BJ
AU - Topic, Marko
AU - Ueda, Yuzuru
AU - Verlinden, Pierre
AU - Vetter, Matthias
AU - Yamaguchi, Masafumi
AU - Bett, Andreas
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Solar energy has the potential to play a central role in the future global energy system because of the scale of the solar resource, its predictability, and its ubiquitous nature. Global installed solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity exceeded 500 GW at the end of 2018, and an estimated additional 500 GW of PV capacity is projected to be installed by 2022-2023, bringing us into the era of TW-scale PV. Given the speed of change in the PV industry, both in terms of continued dramatic cost decreases and manufacturing-scale increases, the growth toward TW-scale PV has caught many observers, including many of us (1), by surprise. Two years ago, we focused on the challenges of achieving 3 to 10 TW of PV by 2030. Here, we envision a future with ~10 TW of PV by 2030 and 30 to 70 TW by 2050, providing a majority of global energy. PV would be not just a key contributor to electricity generation but also a central contributor to all segments of the global energy system. We discuss ramifications and challenges for complementary technologies (e.g., energy storage, power to gas/liquid fuels/chemicals, grid integration, and multiple sector electrification) and summarize what is needed in research in PV performance, reliability, manufacturing, and recycling.
AB - Solar energy has the potential to play a central role in the future global energy system because of the scale of the solar resource, its predictability, and its ubiquitous nature. Global installed solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity exceeded 500 GW at the end of 2018, and an estimated additional 500 GW of PV capacity is projected to be installed by 2022-2023, bringing us into the era of TW-scale PV. Given the speed of change in the PV industry, both in terms of continued dramatic cost decreases and manufacturing-scale increases, the growth toward TW-scale PV has caught many observers, including many of us (1), by surprise. Two years ago, we focused on the challenges of achieving 3 to 10 TW of PV by 2030. Here, we envision a future with ~10 TW of PV by 2030 and 30 to 70 TW by 2050, providing a majority of global energy. PV would be not just a key contributor to electricity generation but also a central contributor to all segments of the global energy system. We discuss ramifications and challenges for complementary technologies (e.g., energy storage, power to gas/liquid fuels/chemicals, grid integration, and multiple sector electrification) and summarize what is needed in research in PV performance, reliability, manufacturing, and recycling.
KW - capacity
KW - photovoltaics
KW - terawatt
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85066849413&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1126/science.aaw1845
DO - 10.1126/science.aaw1845
M3 - Article
C2 - 31147512
AN - SCOPUS:85066849413
SN - 0036-8075
VL - 364
SP - 836
EP - 838
JO - Science
JF - Science
IS - 6443
ER -