The Empirical Effect of Fleet Optimization on Synchronization and Rebound Effects in Heat Pump Water Heaters

Nora Agah, Eve Tsybina, Viswadeep Lebakula, Justin Hill, Jeff Munk, Helia Zandi

Research output: Contribution to conferencePaper

1 Scopus Citations

Abstract

Demand response is a growing concept in light of the internet of things and an increasing need for grid flexibility. Water heaters are one of the preferred devices for providing demand response for grid services and peak management due to their capability to store energy. The efficient use of water heaters for demand response requires consideration of the associated load effects such as synchronization of device schedules and rebound effect. These effects present a significant challenge. Despite the importance of the mentioned effects for water heater queuing and scheduling, there has been no effort to quantify and empirically validate their impact. This study attempts to address this gap by offering two methods - Ward clustering and Euclidean K-means - to evaluate the extent of synchronization in a fleet of 42 water heaters in Atlanta, GA. Using the aforementioned methods on the measured data, we find evidence of convergence of water heater loads as a result of optimization compared to an idle period and analyzed their impact.
Original languageAmerican English
Number of pages5
DOIs
StatePublished - 2023
Event2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT-LA) - San Juan, Puerto Rico
Duration: 6 Nov 20239 Nov 2023

Conference

Conference2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT-LA)
CitySan Juan, Puerto Rico
Period6/11/239/11/23

NREL Publication Number

  • NREL/CP-5600-88536

Keywords

  • demand response
  • direct load control
  • peak shifting
  • rebound effect
  • smart grid
  • synchronization
  • water heater

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