Abstract
As levels of wind, photovoltaics (PVs), and battery energy storage on power systems rise, it is useful to be able to quickly compare how much generation (instantaneous power and annual energy) comes from these inverter-based resources (IBRs). A commonly used metric is the percentage of inverter-based generation (% IBR) in a dispatch scenario (as a percentage of the total generation or total load), which can be useful for estimating when certain operational challenges arise (high rates of change of frequency, underdamped control interactions, low system strength, low fault current availability, and so on). Another similar and commonly used metric pioneered on the relatively large island of Ireland, system nonsynchronous penetration (SNSP), is similar to the % IBR and is subject to similar limitations. SNSP has the advantage of handling high-voltage dc in a defined way.
| Original language | American English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 94-98 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | IEEE Electrification Magazine |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1 Sep 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2013 IEEE.
NREL Publication Number
- NREL/JA-5D00-84629
Keywords
- fault currents
- frequency control
- frequency estimation
- high-voltage techniques
- photovoltaic systems
- power system stability
- wind energy generation
- wind power generation