Wind/PV Integration Studies, 3rd Edition: Expert Group Report on Recommended Practices: IEA PVPS, Task 14: PV in the 100% Renewable Energy System

This Expert Group Report provides recommendations on how to perform studies of wind and solar PV integration. It is based on more than 15 years of work within the International Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Programme (IEA Wind TCP) Task 25: Design and Operation of Energy Systems with Large Amounts of Variable Generation and the IEA Photovoltaic Power System Programme (PVPS) TCP Task 14: High Penetration of PV Systems in Electricity Grids. The report is issued as an IEA Wind TCP Recommended Practices (RP) document to provide research institutes, consultants, and system operators with the best available information on how to perform an integration study. An integration study seeks to find issues to energy systems, as well as mitigation measures, to absorb certain amounts of generation from wind or solar energy. With increasing wind and solar deployment and tremendous future potential, it is crucial that commonly accepted methodologies are applied to accurately assess integration issues and to reduce uncertainties surrounding renewables impact. This Recommended Practices report updates the findings regarding how to study the consequences of small and medium shares of wind and solar generation (<50% of demand), and outlines challenges and solutions to study impacts of very high wind and solar shares. It is foreseen that this Edition 3 update for Recommended Practices will be the last report version discussing wind and solar integration. Instead, against the background of transitioning towards net zero emissions energy systems, with wind and solar generation becoming mainstream, integration studies will transform into general power system design studies at very high wind and solar shares. Future studies are seen as multidimensional optimisation for the power and energy system, instead of one-dimensional wind and solar integration studies.