Worldwide Physics-Based Lifetime Prediction of c-Si Modules Due to Solder-Bond Failure

Engineering

• Bond Failure 100%
• Photovoltaics 33%
• Degradation Mechanism 33%
• Solar Energy 33%
• NASA 33%
• Measured Data 33%
• Induced Degradation 33%
• Output Power 33%
• Building Block 33%
• Solar Farm 33%
• Temperature Fluctuation 33%
• Model Parameter 33%
• Performance Ratio 33%
• Mechanical Stress 33%
• Damage Accumulation 33%
• Degradation Rate 33%

Material Science

• Thermal Cycling 100%
• Photovoltaics 100%
• Corrosion 100%
• Mechanical Stress 100%